The human body contains a variety of bacteria, viruses, fungi, and other microbes. They form communities that inhabit different parts of the body. In total, trillions of them live here.

They are found in the intestines, on the skin, in the oral cavity, respiratory tract, urogenital tract, and other locations. The composition and diversity of microbiomes are very important for human health, and disruption of their balance is associated with various complications.

Probiotics are live microorganisms, usually bacteria, that are beneficial to human health when consumed in optimal amounts. They naturally occur in some foods such as yogurt, kefir, sauerkraut, kimchi, and kombucha, or in dietary supplements. They restore the balance of the gut microbiota, create colonies of beneficial bacteria, and interact with immune system cells. These effects together improve digestion, skin health, immune system functions, and may also influence mental health through modulation of the gut-brain axis.

The vaginal microbiome is largely composed of bacteria, most commonly of the genus Lactobacillus, which is found in healthy women of reproductive age. These bacteria produce lactic acid, which helps maintain a mildly acidic pH (3.5-4.5) in the vagina, creating an environment hostile to harmful bacteria and other microorganisms. However, factors such as antibiotics, hormonal changes, and sexual activity can disrupt this delicate balance and lead to an overgrowth of harmful bacteria.

According to a 2024 study, incorporating probiotics into a woman's daily routine, whether through dietary supplements or diet, can have a number of benefits for gynecological health.

Verra team

Sources:
Wu LY, Yang TH, Ou YC, Lin H. The role of probiotics in women's health: An update narrative review. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol. 2024;63(1):29-36. doi:10.1016/j.tjog.2023.09.018